piping (|):

In simple terms you take the output of something and redirect it into another destination for further processing

More info here!

mv:

The mv command can move files and or directories to new places or rename files or folders

Here is the general syntax:

For more info use man mv or mv --help

cp:

cp command will copy folders or files but you must specify where you want to copy the files or folder at.

The general syntax would be:

You can use arguments or flags such as -v which is verbose and it will show you what the command is doing

Use man cp or cp --help for more info

cd:

It is a really easy command and simple to use and the most important one of them all. It allows you to navigate around your system via changing directories using the terminal.

Here are some basic commands that you should know:

The command above allows you to go back to the previous directory

This will take you back a directory. For example, if you are in /home/user/stuff

It will take you to

cd into a subdirectory that is inside the parent directory

use man cd or cd --help for more info

ls:

ls command will output whatever is inside a directory. you can find out where you're at if you just type pwd

For more info use man ls or ls --help

lsblk:

lsblk literally just lists all the storage devices that are running on your system

For example:

Would output this:

The example above you can run, however, the output will be different. Use man lsblk or lsblk --help for more options

cat:

cat is a command that you can use to output a file contents.

For example:

Note that it will work on any kind of file extension, but be warned there are some files you do not want to use cat on >:D

Use man cat or cat --help for more details

grep:

grep is a very power tool you can use in any kind of linux distro.

You use grep to filter out your output if you use cat,ls,etc

For example:

For more info use man grep or grep --help

IFCONFIG

ifconfig allows you to list the network interfaces that are on your machine

Here is an example of what the output of ifconfig looks like:

ROUTE

route allows you to check the routing of your machine or you can use it to manipulate your ip routing tables.

if you just run route, you will get a similar output:

We will not discuss what ip routing tables are cause that is something advance

SS:

ss (ss is the replacement tool for netstat)

ss is a common Linux utility for performing an inventory of network resources being used on a machine. Examine the man page for ss to determine the 4 flags that you can pass the tool to list all TCP sockets in a LISTEN state on an IPv4 address and the process that is using it.

LSOF

Warning: You will need to install the package if the command does not work.

The lsof utility lists all file descriptors that are open on the machine across all of its processes. As network connections are accessed via file descriptors, they may also be listed using lsof. Back on the Linux VM, find the number of open descriptors using the following command.

Examine the man page for lsof for more details or use lsof --help

NC

Warning: You will need to install the package if the command does not work.

netcat (nc) is a program that can connect to arbitrary ports on a server. Examine the man page for nc. Then, on the Linux VM, use the command to connect up to the ssh port of webpages.sou.edu.

Examine the man page for more details or use nc --help